Disease Overview
eyecarcinomais发lifeineyeinternaloreyeAdnexatissueofmalignant tumor，incidencerelativelylow，butsevereVision-threateningandlifeLife.includingprimaryeyeinternaltumor(such asretinoblastoma、uveal melanoma)andmetastaticeyeinternaltumor(such aschoroidal metastatic carcinoma)。good发regionpositionasRetina, uvea(Iris, ciliaryconditionbody, Choroid)andeyeAdnexa(eyelid, Conjunctiva)。differenttypeeyecarcinomaof发diseaseyearAge differencedifferentrelativelylarge，retinoblastomamore见inchildren，uveal melanomamore见inadults。early-stageDiagnosisandtreatmentforprognosis至closeimportant。
Major Causes
Genetic factors：retinoblastomaandRB1gene突changeClosely relatedrelated，approximately40%patientsasgenetictype，canFrom parentsgenetic。
UV exposure：long-term紫external线radiationiseyelidskincarcinoma, Conjunctivasquamous cell carcinomaofimportantrisk factor。
Viral infection：HPVinfectionandConjunctiva,eyelidsquamous cell carcinomarelated;EBdiseasetoxinandlymphatictumorrelated。
Melanocyte abnormalities：uveal melanoma源in黑colorelementcells恶typeTransformation,cancanandcongenitaltypecolorelementMalignant transformation of nevichangehaveclose。
Evolution from other eye diseases：long-termUveitis,eyeinternalRecurrentbleeding、eyeinternaldifferentexist留cancanSecondary malignancytypechange。
Age and sex：uveal melanomacommonly occurs in50years and olderadults，male-to-female ratioapproximately1.5:1;retinoblastomamore见in5years and younger。
Common Symptoms
Visiondifferentnormalandvisual field defect: Solitaryeyedecreased visual acuity, Blurred visionorVisual field defectlose，childrencancandue tonomethodAccurately expresswhileappearing频complex揉eye, Squintingeyeor撞proceedas。
leukocoria(Leukocoria)：retinoblastomaof典typemanifestation，due totumorBlocking light reflex, pupillary areapresenting白colorReflex, observedin85%ofIn pediatric patients.
proptosisandpositionDisplacement:uveal melanomaetc.tumorgrowthcausingeye球towardanterioroutstandingortowardoneLateral deviation, with conjunctivalcongestionedema。
painand炎conditionreaction：advanced-stagetumornecrosis、bleedingorSecondary glaucomaeyeCausingeyePain,headache, With conjunctivalcongestion, Corneaedema。
eyelidSwellingandunderPtosis:Tumor invadeseyeexternal肌or眶internalstructurecausing。
diplopia：eye肌receive累ornerveinvasioncausing。
systemicsymptoms：minorityadvanced-stagepatientscanappearingbody weightunderdecrease、fatigueetc.。
primarytypeandclassification
retinoblastoma(childrenmostcommon)：
minutetype：internallifetype、externallifetype, Mixedcombinegrowthtype, Diffusegrowthtype, Lichenoidgrowthtype
staging：eyeinternalstage, Glaucomaeyestage、eyeexternalExtensionstage、systemicmetastasisstage
uveal melanoma(adultsmostcommon)：
according toregionpositionminute: Iris melanomacolorelementtumor, Ciliary bodyconditionbody黑colorelementtumor, Choroidal melanomacolorelementtumor
according tocellsminutetype: Spindleformcellstype(prognosisrelativelygood)、upperEpithelioidcellstype(relatively poor prognosis)
othertype：
eyelidbasal cell carcinoma：mostcommoneyelidmalignant tumor
Conjunctivasquamous cell carcinoma：andHPVinfectionrelated
eyeinternallymphatictumor：moreassystemiclymphatictumor累andeyeregion
Clinical Staging
eyeinternaltumorstillno统onestagingsystem，typicallybased ontumorsize、position、invasionextentperformedstaging：
early-stage：tumorsmall，localizedineyeinternal, Not yetinvasionimportantstructure
mid-stage：tumorrelativelylarge, InvolvingandRetina, opticnerve
advanced-stage：Tumor invadeseyeexternalstructure，or已Distant metastasis present
Diagnosis
fundus examination：disperse瞳posteriordirectly检eye镜orWide-angleeyeFundus photography
Imaging studies：
ocular B-ultrasound：showtumorposition、size、internalregionechoes，retinoblastomamore伴havecalcification
CT/MRI：assessmenttumorextent, Visionnerveinvasion, Cranialinternalmetastasis
fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)：assessmenttumorBlood supply
ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)：assessment睫conditionbody, Iristumor
optical coherence tomography(OCT)：assessmentRetinastructure
pathological biopsy: Necessarytimepunctureorsurgical resectionconfirmed diagnosis
Prevention and Follow-up
geneticConsultation:havefamily historythoseperformedgenetic testing
childrenscreening：havefamily historychildrenfrom出liferiseregularlyperformedfundus examination(every 3-6 months)
紫externalRadiation protection: Outdoorexternal活movetimeWearing UV-protectiveexternal线eyeGlasses,wideBrimmed hat
regularbodyExamination:adults50years and olderannuallyfundus examination
early-stagesymptomsmonitor：childrenappearingStrabismus, photophobiaorPupillary light reflexdifferentnormal立namelythen诊
follow-up：after treatmentbased ontumortypestaging，every1-6monthfollow-up examinationeye底andImaging