Disease Overview
lymphatictumorisrise源inlymphatic and hematopoietic systemofmalignant tumor，manifestationaspainless lymphadenopathy、hepatosplenomegaly，systemiceachtissueorganallcanreceiveInvolvement.based onpathologicaltypeclassified intoHodgkin lymphoma(HL，accounting for10%-15%)andnon-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL，accounting for85%-90%)。Chinaeverynew cases annuallyapproximately9.30,000 cases，slightly more common in males，can occur at any age。commonly occurs inlymph nodes、tonsils、spleenandbone marrowetc.regionposition，alsocanPrimaryinlymph nodesexternalorgan。
Major Causes
Viral infection：EBdiseasetoxin(andHodgkin lymphoma、Burkitt lymphomarelated), HumanclassTlymphaticcellsdiseasetoxinⅠtype, Helicobacter pylori(stomachMALTlymphatictumor)。
Immunodeficiency：genetictypeImmunodeficiencydisease、long-termImmunosuppression剂treatment、HIVinfection、organTransplantationposterior。
Environmental factors：long-termBenzene exposureclass、exceptHerbicides, insecticides, hair dyes,radiationtype。
Genetic factors：havefamily historythoseincreased risk2-3times。
Other factors：EBdiseasetoxin阳typethoseincreased risk;certainAutoimmuneimmunetype疾diseasepatientsincreased risk。
Common Symptoms
localsymptoms：
painless progressive lymphadenopathy：mostcommoninitialsymptoms，cervical、axilla、inguinallymph nodesenlargement
Waldeyer's ring involvement：tonsils、nasopharyngealregionmass，causingdysphagia、nasal obstruction
chestlesion：cough、chest tightness、shortness of breath(mediastinallymph nodesenlargementcompression)
abdominallesion：abdominal pain、diarrhea、abdominalmass、ascites(累andgastrointestinal tract、hepaticspleen)
systemicsymptoms：
fever：unexplainedfever(38℃and above)
Night sweats: NighttimeorAfter falling asleepposteriorSweating
body weightunderdecrease: Halfyearinternalbody weightunderdecreaseexceeding10%
pruritus：Hodgkin lymphoma特signtypemanifestation
结externalinvasionsymptoms：
skinlesion：erythroplakia, Rash,skinnodule
bone pain、bone折(bonemetastasis)
headache、vomiting, Visual impairment(central nervous systemreceive累)
Pathological Classification
Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)：
nodular lymphocyte-predominantHL(NLPHL)
classicalHL(cHL)：
nodular sclerosis(NSHL)：most common type
lymphocyte-rich(LRHL)
mixed cellularity(MCHL)
lymphocyte-depleted(LDHL)
non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)：
Bcellslymphatictumor：diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)、follicular lymphoma(FL)、mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)、Burkitt lymphomaetc.
T/NKcellslymphatictumor：peripheral T-cell lymphoma、mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome、NK/T-cell lymphoma
Clinical Staging(Ann Arborsystem)
staging
Ⅰstage：single lymph node region(Ⅰ)orlocalized involvement of a single extranodal organ(ⅠE)
Ⅱstage：ipsilateral to the diaphragm2ormoremorelymph nodesregionalreceive累(Ⅱ)，or结externalorganlocalizedreceive累addipsilateral to the diaphragmlymph nodes(ⅡE)
Ⅲstage：lymph node involvement both above and below the diaphragm(Ⅲ)，canWith conjunctivalexternalorganlocalizedreceive累(ⅢE)
Ⅳstage：involvement of multiple extranodal organs or diffuse organ involvement，with or without lymphadenopathy
minutegroup
Agroup：No systemic symptoms
Bgroup：Systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, weight loss
Diagnosis and Treatment Essentials
Diagnosis
lymph node pathological biopsy：gold standard, Obtainlymph nodesintactresection
bone marrow aspiration biopsy：assessmentbone marrowinvasioncondition
Imaging studies：
CT/MRI：assessmentlymph nodes, Lymph nodeexternalinvasion
PET-CT：systemicstagingandefficacyassessment
B-ultrasound：screeningshallow表lymph nodes
Laboratory tests: BloodnormalRoutine,life、LDH、EBVrelatedtesting
lymphatictumortraditionaltreatmentmethodOverview
Before delving intoUltrasound-guidedunderofthermal ablation therapybefore，understandingtraditionaltreatmentmethodofbasic principlesandapplicationisnecessary。Surgical treatment，particularlylymph node dissectionsurgery，has long beentreatmentlymph nodesmetastasisthe primary method。suchsurgerytypicallyaimed atthoroughly移exceptaffectedoflymph nodes，reducecancerspreadofrisk。however，surgerymay lead tolong-termof理discomfortanddysfunction，particularlyinrequiringeliminateextensivelymph nodesofcircumstances。
radiationtreatmentthenthroughhighcanraysdamagecarcinomacellsofDNA，fromwhilecontroloreliminatetumor。itcanwithusing作surgeryofauxiliarymodalityorinsurgerynotcanproceedofcircumstancesAsprimarytreatmentmethod。however，radiationtreatmentcancan会damagesurroundingofhealthtissue，causingoneSeries ofside effects，such asFatigue,skinreactionetc.。
treatmentenablingusingdrugAttacksfast速minute裂ofcells，includingcarcinomacells。itcanwithAssystemictreatmenttocontrolcancerofspread。butchemotherapyalso会impactbodyofnormalcells，causing诸such ashair loss、nauseaandimmunesysteminhibitetc.side effects。
Ultrasound-guidedtechnologyOverview
√ Ultrasound technologyofbasic principles
Ultrasound technologyutilizinghigh-frequency sound wavesexplore人bodyinternal structures。whenthis些sound wavespass throughbodytime，itThey willindifferenttissueinterfaceupperproduceechoes，this些echoesbyultrasoundequipmentreceivedandconverted intoimages。ultrasoundbecomeResemblehavenon-invasive、radiation-freeandcanreal-timeprovideimagesofAdvantages,enablingitsbecomeasDiagnosisandtreatmentguidanceofideal choice。
√ in医fieldofapplication
ultrasoundin医inwidely used inDiagnosisandtreatmentguidance，particularlyinguidanceminimally invasive surgerysuch asthermal ablation therapyaspects。Ultrasound-guidedallowingdoctorwithhighly preciseofmethodlocatetreatmentregional，ensuretreatmentofprecisetypeandsafety。
lymph nodesthermal ablation therapy
√ thermal ablation therapyofbasic principles
thermal ablationutilizinghigh temperaturedirectly destroytumorcells。throughlocalheating，thisonetechnologycanenoughcausingtumorcellsofapoptosisornecrosis，whileforsurroundinghealthtissueofdamageminimal。thismethodcanwithadopteddifferentform式ofenergy，such asradiofrequency、microwaveorlaser。
√ differenttypeofthermal ablationtechnology
radiofrequency ablation (RFA)ismostnormalusingofthermal ablationtechnologyone of，itthroughElectrodeproducehighRadiofrequency currenttoaddhotanddamagetumortissue。microwave ablation (MWA)enablingusingmicrowaveenergy，whilelaser ablationthenutilizinghighstrongdegreelaser。this些technologyeach has advantages，choice哪onetypedepends ontumorofsize、positionandpatientsofspecific circumstances。
Ultrasound-guidedunderoflymph nodesthermal ablation therapy
√ Treatment procedureofdetailed introduction
Ultrasound-guidedunderofthermal ablation therapybegins withdetailedofImagingassessment，doctorutilizingultrasoundlocatelymph nodesandplantreatmentpathway。then，inlocal anesthesiaunder，throughUltrasound-guidedwillthermal ablationneedleaccuratelyplacedintarget area。treatmentduring the procedure，ultrasoundreal-timeshowthermal ablationofextent，ensureprecisewhileeffectiveoftreatment。
√ Ultrasound-guidedofeffectandadvantage
Ultrasound-guidedofprimaryadvantage lies initsreal-timebecome像canPower,itallowingdoctorintreatmentduring the procedureprecisemonitorablationneedleofpositionandthermal effectofextent。thisguidancemethodincreasingtreatmentofsafetyandeffectivetype，reduceforsurroundinghealthtissueofpotentialdamage。
Prevention and Follow-up
regularlybodyExamination:foundpainless lymphadenopathyandtimethen诊
regularlifeActivity:avoidStay up late, moderatewhenExercise,enhanceimmune力
healthy diet：avoidHigh-fat diet，moreintakenewFresh fruits and vegetables
远leavetoxin：avoidBenzene exposureclass、radiationtype
follow-up：after treatmentNo.1-2yearevery 3-4 monthsfollow-up examination，years 3-5every 6 monthsonce，after 5 yearsannuallyonce
prognosis：Hodgkin lymphoma5yearsurvival rate80%-90%;non-Hodgkin lymphomadue totypedifferent差differentrelativelylarge，diffuse large B-cell lymphoma5yearsurvival rateapproximately60%-70%